Swiss Ræto-Romance - Surselvan
Name, Place and Date
- Dialect: Swiss Ræto-Romance - Surselvan
- Linguistic Classification: Swiss Ræto-Romance - Surselvan
- Town:
- Region: Graubünden
- Country: Switzerland
- Latitude/Longitude: 46°41'00"N 9°08'00"E
- Linguistic Date: late 20th to early 21st century
References
Spescha, Arnold (1989),
Grammatica sursilvana.
Cuera [Chur]: Casa editura per mieds d'instrucziun.
Notes
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Romansh indirect conditional
Surselvan is among those Romansh varieties that have created a novel 'indirect conditional form' identical to the continuant of the Latin pluperfect subjunctive, except that it bears the person and number endings of the present subjunctive. While the the continuant of the pluperfect subjunctive now functions primarily as a conditional in main clauses, its 'indirect conditional' counterpart is characteristic of subordinate clauses.
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Romansh indirect imperfect subjunctive
Surselvan is among those Romansh varieties that have created a novel 'indirect imperfect subjunctive form' identical to the imperfect indicative, except that it bears the person and number endings of the present subjunctive. These verb-forms are characteristic of indirect speech.
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Transcription
The transcription given here is more than usually an approximation. The reference does offer a broad overview of the verb system, amply confirmed by more localized studies.
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Imperative
The first person plural imperative is usually expressed via an analytic structure lein + infinitive. The only synthetic verb form functioning as 1pl imperative is identical to the 1pl present subjunctive (see Spescha 1989:§426).
Verbs
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Listing
- *altjare
- AMBULARE / IRE
- APERIRE
- ARDERE
- barsar
- BIBERE
- botan / MITTERE
- *bragire
- *brusjare
- buntganar
- buserar
- CANTARE
- CENARE
- CLAUDERE
- CONSUERE
- COOPERIRE
- COQUERE
- CREDERE
- CRESCERE
- cuclunar
- cuglienar
- CURRERE
- CURRERE (DE+)
- DARE
- DEBERE
- DEMANDARE
- DICERE
- DIRIGERE
- DORMIRE
- emparar
- ESSE / STARE
- *estopere
- EXCITARE (DE+)
- EXFODERE
- FACERE
- *falkjare
- *faskjare
- FERIRE
- FINDERE
- FINIRE
- FORMARE
- FUGERE
- FUMARE
- GAUDERE
- GRATULARI
- HABERE
- IACERE
- INCIPERE
- *korrotare
- LABORARE
- LAUDARE
- LAXARE
- MANERE
- *martirare
- *maskarare
- MIRARI
- MITTERE
- MOLERE
- MONSTRARE
- MORI
- MULGERE
- murmignar
- OPERARI (AD+)
- patertgar
- PERDERE
- *piljare
- PLACERE
- *plakitare
- PORTARE
- POSSE
- PRAEHENDERE
- PRODERE
- RECIPERE
- RIDERE
- rugadar
- RUMPERE
- SAPERE
- *saporare
- satiuer
- sburbatar
- SCRIBERE
- SENTIRE
- SEPARARE
- *serrare
- sesmargnar
- sgarflar
- *sinistrare
- smarschanar
- *sotterrare
- STARE
- SUDARE
- tguffergnar
- TIMERE
- *tokkare
- TRAHERE
- trietscher
- tschugalar
- UELLE
- UENDERE
- UENIRE
- ugliar
- UIDERE
- utgar
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